GUARDIANS OF ORBÁN’S THRONE: Has Fidesz Fired All Its Bullets?

The final attempt to engineer a crisis and delay the vote appears to have failed—but as the clock ticks down, the question remains: does Fidesz still have any bullets left?

Apr 11, 2026 | ANALYSIS, EUROPE, NEWSLETTER, POLITICS, PROPAGANDA

Anti-Ukrainian campaign messaging ahead of elections in Hungary, 2026

By Ljubomir Kostovski

When Prime Minister Viktor Orbán failed in his attempt to create a shock by releasing materials targeting the opposition Tisza Party—the so-called “Hungarian Watergate”—he instead generated a new wave of anger against himself among opponents led by Péter Magyar, who are, without doubt, in a convincing lead ahead of the April 12 vote. In response, Orbán declared that he still had “a few bullets left in the magazine and would not hesitate to use them.”

His attempts to boost his electoral chances by portraying Volodymyr Zelenskyy and heroic Ukraine as his main enemy have simply been exhausted, without producing any serious effect. It resembled the morning crowing of a rooster making threats—while risking ending up in the pot prepared for lunch.

Israeli spin doctors, as advisers, typically save their strongest blow for immediate impact just before elections. It is perhaps in this context that one should look for those “last bullets.” The visit of U.S. Vice President J. D. Vance was certainly one of them, but amid the current policies of the United States and their immediate consequences affecting individuals across the planet, it does not seem that such a visit could have the same positive impact as it might have had in different times.

The “knockout” in elections, according to these campaign strategists, is meant to come in the final round. In the case of the Slovenian elections, their client—the right-wing Janez Janša—accused Marta Kos, a high-ranking figure within the Brussels establishment, just five or six days before the vote, of allegedly being a spy for the Yugoslav, and later Serbian, secret service (UDBA). How persuasive this story was is reflected in the fact that Janša’s rating jumped by 4 percent, leading into a period of uncertainty that would shape the future government in Ljubljana.

The logic behind the timing chosen by such consultants is clear: leave no room for an effective response to an attack based on an obvious lie. In political environments like those in the Balkans, and similar systems, those in power often need days to even grasp what has hit them. In Slovenia, however, the ruling party “Freedom” responded two days before the vote, when a senior government official publicly explained to the nation who stood behind the operation—foreign actors, clearly identifying their firm, pointing out that it was done for money and without scruples, and that they were interfering in what should be an entirely internal matter of a sovereign state. In the final moment, there was a reversal—this time in the opposite direction—and by a margin of just one seat, Prime Minister Robert Golob was given the first opportunity to form a government.

The same advisers are also believed to be behind the brutal exploitation of the fall of a female student from the fifth floor of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade—without a conclusive investigation—an incident that, “coincidentally,” served to cast doubt in the public eye on student-backed electoral lists in the recently concluded local elections in ten Serbian municipalities. The effect was evident: candidates supported by the circle of Aleksandar Vučić won in all municipalities.

It remained an open question what could be done as a final move in favor of Orbán—something that could dramatically influence the Sunday elections in Hungary. The expectation was that such a move, too, would occur immediately before the vote.

WAS THERE A CHANCE TO REPEAT THE TRICK?

And then… an alleged act of terrorism occurred, amplified by Vučić’s propaganda (on which foreign advisers can always rely)—an attempt to plant explosives near the TurkStream gas pipeline, which also supplies Hungary with energy.

Namely, on April 5, explosives were discovered near the town of Kanjiža, placed about 200 meters from the pipeline. The assessment was simple—point the finger at Ukraine (!) and accuse it of exporting terrorism. In this scenario, President Aleksandar Vučić was expected to act as a kind of key witness to such accusations. Immediately after learning of the “hostile act” near Kanjiža, he called Viktor Orbán and warned him about an attempted sabotage that could have harmed the energy situation in both countries.

Additional details followed: the explosive was allegedly powerful (around 4 kilograms), sufficient for such a target. Then came the narrative that the individual who allegedly planted it acted alone—but was also a migrant, thereby merging two threats that Hungarian authorities constantly emphasize as ongoing dangers. Both a migrant and, allegedly, in the service of Ukraine.

However, it seems that Vučić was more restrained and less accommodating than expected. He did not mention Ukraine and instead stated that the explosive device was of American origin—this coming just before the visit of J. D. Vance to Budapest. A double miss.

Maja Bjeloš from the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP) stated that the discovery of explosives near the pipeline in Kanjiža was politicized from the very beginning, and that communication between the Military Security Agency (VBA) and the president had been unclear—something also indicated by the agency’s director, Đuro Jovanić. She emphasized that neither of them has the authority to investigate such an incident.

“The entire event was politicized. First, the politicization followed the release of the information itself, with the President of Serbia disclosing details from an ongoing investigation for which he is not competent. The same applies to the director of the VBA. The competent authorities are the Security Intelligence Agency (BIA) and the police,” Bjeloš told N1.

She added that the role of migrants was also politicized within the narrative, framed as part of a diversion strategy.

“Migrants are portrayed as a threat, as potential perpetrators of attacks. In our country, migrants are a frequent target of the far right. Aleksandar Vulin used force against migrants with a sonic weapon. We do not know who ordered it, nor who carried it out,” Bjeloš said.

The choice of the “perpetrator” (a migrant) came from the Serbian side, via VBA director Jovanić, while Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán pointed the finger toward Ukraine—leaving himself room to “prove” such claims without direct involvement from Serbia. And potentially to create grounds for declaring a state of emergency, under which elections, logically, could not take place—thus postponing them for “better times.”

“All of these are unsubstantiated insinuations, and such matters should not be made public before they are proven. These efforts must be thoroughly examined, as they may have serious diplomatic consequences,” Bjeloš emphasized in her statement to N1.

A TERRORIST WHO WAS TRACKED—YET DISAPPEARED WITHOUT A TRACE?

From the moment the news about the operation near Kanjiža was released, the question arose whether this was truly a security threat—or something else entirely—and what exactly this military-police operation had produced. What is unusual in this case was discussed on April 6 in Novi dan (the morning program on N1) by Hungarian journalist Gábor Bodis and retired Major General Momir Stojanović.

Hungarian journalist Gábor Bodis told N1 that in the morning, Viktor Orbán “held a conference near Szeged and said he would defend the country from everything, and that a major battle is underway in Europe.”

“It is interesting,” he added, “how the situation developed from the moment the news was published. Foreign policy expert András Rácz said that the further course of events depends on the information that will come from Serbia. If it turns out that Ukrainians are in any way connected to these events, then Orbán will likely have grounds to declare a state of emergency—and declaring a state of emergency six days before decisive elections could mean everything. As for Orbán’s position, it could reduce the opposition’s lead, and might even result in postponing the elections,” the journalist said.

Retired Major General Momir Stojanović, former head of the Military Security Agency, stated that the event was “accompanied by numerous inconsistencies.”

“Let us say that the president spoke early yesterday, informing us about the search for explosives placed a few hundred meters from the South Stream pipeline, immediately engaging special army units and military police—even though this is not their jurisdiction. Later, the director of the Military Security Agency appeared and clarified that the service had information that a person from a group of migrants planned to place explosives near the pipeline, and that he had informed the president of the Republic. This is surprising, because if the military security service had such information, and claims to have monitored that individual over a longer period, then he was obliged to inform his superior, the Minister of Defense, who should then inform the Prime Minister, and the Prime Minister the President. What does the director of the Military Security Agency have to do with the President? According to the law—nothing,” emphasized Stojanović.

Another inconsistency, he added, is that if the service had information that the individual would plant explosives, it raises questions about how such services operate in practice.

“Would it not have been logical to monitor that individual 24 hours a day, secure the location, control the site, and then wait to see who would appear to place the explosives on the pipeline—and then act? That would have resulted in arrests. Instead, we have the information that the service possessed: the individual placed explosives, a general alarm was raised, the explosives were found, and perhaps we will never find the person. What do we do if we never find them?” Stojanović asked (so far, it seems, that is exactly what is happening).

He believes this is “one of countless cases that have no epilogue and no conclusion.”

According to Stojanović, especially if in the coming period there is no information that the “migrant” has been arrested and prosecuted, it will raise suspicions that the entire event was staged and planned—on the one hand, to assist Orbán in the upcoming elections, and on the other, to restore shaken confidence in the current government in Serbia ahead of its own electoral challenges.

“It could have been the greatest gift—but it did not turn out that way,” the retired Major General concluded.

A GIFT THAT SLIPPED FROM ORBÁN’S HANDS

Journalist Gábor Bodis believes that, in political terms, “this could have been the greatest gift for Viktor Orbán, but it did not turn out that way.”

“The opposition is leading; something of a miracle would have had to happen six days before the elections (the journalist said this on Monday) to turn the situation around or reduce the gap. Nothing indicates that Ukrainians were involved, that a state of emergency could be declared—that would have been a completely different story. But as it stands, this can be seen as a weak attempt from a political perspective. I am not saying whether the operation was staged or not, but politically it is weak and will have no impact on voters’ mood. I think the voters, the majority, and the polls show that they are in favor of a change of government in Hungary,” Bodis said.

Very little is known in our region about the continuous effort by Orbán to spread animosity toward Ukrainians over a longer period of time. This is done through persistent propaganda claiming that Hungarians living in Kyiv are being sacrificed in the war. It targets sensitive emotional chords among voters, repeated daily like an old dish reheated out of habit.

Namely, Viktor Orbán claims that Hungarians living in Ukraine are being disproportionately conscripted. In alignment with the Kremlin, he presents himself as a “rescuer of prisoners of war.” But what is the truth in all this, and what is propaganda?

To begin with, a reporting team met Péter Filipovics, who, when he has time on the front line in eastern Ukraine, reads news from Hungary—these days mostly about Viktor Orbán’s election campaign, which largely revolves around his homeland, Ukraine—the country that he, as an ethnic Hungarian from Zakarpattia, is currently defending from Russian aggression, as reported by Deutsche Welle.

Orbán and politicians from his Fidesz party claim that Ukraine is a “corrupt mafia and terrorist state.” In their campaign videos, for example, they assert—without evidence—that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy uses billions of euros received from Brussels to build golden toilets.

Recently, in a video interview with Deutsche Welle, Péter Filipovics said he had read about a scandal involving the renovation of the National Bank building in Budapest—how the former governor of the Hungarian National Bank, György Matolcsy, installed toilets with gold-plated holders for toilet paper in the building. Unlike the claims about Zelenskyy, this story is real.

“When I read that, I thought that in Hungary, if they are already talking about corruption in Ukraine, they should first take a good look in the mirror,” Filipovics said.

Péter Filipovics (42) comes from the western Ukrainian border town of Chop (Hungarian: Csap). He is currently a commander of a military unit in eastern Ukraine—his exact location and type of service cannot be disclosed for security reasons. He is not the only Ukrainian Hungarian serving. He says there are many like him on the front line by their own conviction, and they are offended by the propaganda of the Hungarian government.

RUSSIA SUPPORTS ORBÁN’S PROPAGANDA

Ukrainian Hungarians have been in the public spotlight for a long time. According to unofficial estimates, around 80,000 ethnic Hungarians currently live in Ukraine, almost exclusively in Zakarpattia in the west of the country. This minority represents about 0.23 percent of Ukraine’s population of 34 million (before the war, the population was estimated at 43.8 million). And yet, Viktor Orbán has made this a central issue of both his foreign policy and his election campaign.

He and his government have for years claimed that Hungarians are oppressed in Ukraine. They also claim that working-age men from the Hungarian minority are being massively and forcibly conscripted, and even that they are sometimes tortured to death with particular brutality. At the same time, Orbán’s government, in cooperation with the Kremlin, periodically organizes the transfer of Ukrainian prisoners of war who speak Hungarian from Russia to Hungary—without informing the Ukrainian authorities. The Kremlin presents this as a “humanitarian gesture,” while Orbán’s government frames it as a “rescue mission.”

What do those directly affected in Ukraine, Ukrainian authorities, Hungarian minority politicians, and experts in Zakarpattia say about all this? Reporters from Deutsche Welle visited the region, compared Hungarian propaganda with the reality on the ground, and gathered testimonies.

Are Hungarians being forcibly conscripted?

The term “forced conscription,” widely used by Orbán’s government and pro-government media in Hungary, is rejected by independent Hungarian observers. They argue that conscription in wartime always involves a degree of coercion, and that the term indirectly questions the legitimacy of Ukraine’s national defense.

In Ukraine, Territorial Recruitment Centers are responsible for conscription and mobilization. Their patrols are not popular, as they sometimes mobilize able-bodied men directly from the streets, occasionally using force. Videos of violent confrontations with recruitment officers regularly circulate on social media. Some are real, others are fabricated. There are claims that pro-government Hungarian media amplify such fake videos, many of which originate from Russian sources (!).

Dmytro Lubinets, who monitors the human rights situation in Ukraine, noted in a recent report serious violations of human rights, as well as poor hygienic conditions in a recruitment center in Uzhhorod, the regional capital of Zakarpattia. The recruitment system, he says, must be thoroughly reformed. Public criticism and debate about reforming the system have been ongoing in Ukraine for quite some time.

Out of fear of mobilization, many able-bodied men in Ukraine are currently staying indoors. This is also noticeable in Zakarpattia. Especially in rural areas, it is almost impossible to see military-age men in public. László Zubánics, head of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Ukraine, told Deutsche Welle that it is an open secret that many men are hiding at home.

But are there too many Ukrainian Hungarians on the front line?

The Ukrainian Armed Forces do not keep ethnic statistics. According to consistent estimates by Hungarian politicians in Zakarpattia—including some close to Orbán—approximately 400 to 500 Ukrainian Hungarians are currently serving on the front line. This is significantly below the proportion of Ukrainians in the army, which currently numbers around 850,000 personnel, and is also proportionally lower than the share of Hungarians in the overall population.

That is the reality behind Orbán’s propaganda—reinforced through alignment with Vladimir Putin.

THE “HELLO” AFFAIR BETWEEN SZIJJÁRTÓ AND LAVROV

On the other hand, the opposition has brought forward numerous revelations—some of which were already covered in previous installments—that seriously discredit Viktor Orbán and his circle. This is particularly true for Péter Szijjártó, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who became embroiled in a scandal suggesting he had been spying on the European Union on behalf of the Kremlin.

At first, he denied the allegations, then claimed that, as foreign minister, he maintains contacts with a number of countries. However, The Washington Post directly identified him as a figure who, during breaks in meetings with EU counterparts, passed information about internal conclusions to his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov. This was later confirmed by Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, who stated that the information was known within the Union, and that special caution was exercised regarding what was said in Szijjártó’s presence.

Such a scandal was, of course, used by Péter Magyar, who—unlike Orbán—relies on verifiable facts in his speeches, as confirmed by independent sources. The question remains: would Hungarian voters continue to tolerate such large-scale deception?

From our own experience, lies can perform well in elections. Some voters “close their ears” before voting, even when they are aware of the facts, but act out of personal interest—treating elections as a form of exchange with the candidate they support. Others allow themselves to be misled, driven to the ballot box by habit or by organized voting practices.

All of this, of course, exists in Hungary as well. According to recent reporting by BBC from Budapest, around 60 percent of young voters are expected to vote for Péter Magyar (compared to only 16 percent for Orbán). The British outlet cites Hungary’s Research Center 21.

This institute estimated on Friday afternoon that in Sunday’s elections, the Tisza Party could win 54 percent of the vote, while Orbán’s Fidesz could receive around 38 percent among those who turn out.

The clock is ticking in the final hours before the elections in Hungary. Very little time remains to see whether Orbán’s propaganda will prevail—a campaign in which Moscow, but also Washington, leading Israeli political consultants, as well as Belgrade, Banja Luka, and even Skopje—and likely a number of other centers—have played a role.

But the outcome of these elections will not matter only for Hungary. It will show whether a model of power built on fear, disinformation, and constructed enemies can continue to function.


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Ljubomir Kostovski is a veteran journalist and analyst, member of CIVIL’s editorial board, and editor-in-chief of Globus magazine.


This article was translated from Macedonian into English with the assistance of AI (ChatGPT), with editorial review.


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